Title of the article:

AT THE ORIGINS OF PUBLIC EDUCATION SYSTEM IN MOSCOW IN THE REIGN OF CATHERINE II: PRIVATE AND STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

Author(s):

Aleksei V. Belov

Information about the author/authors

Aleksei V. Belov — PhD in History, Associate Professor, Institute of the Russian History of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IRI RAN), D. Ul'ianov St. 19, 117136 Moscow, Russia. E-mail: belovavhist@mail.ru

Section

Theory and history of culture

Year

2019

Volume

Vol. 51

Pages

pp. 25–35

Received

February 08, 2018

Date of publication

March 28, 2019

Index UDK

008

Index BBK

71.1+74.03(2)+63.3(2)513

Abstract

In the second half of the 18th century Catherine II's government undertook urban renewal reform, during which cities acquired new features enabling them to proper execute its functions. Establishing of public education system was believed to be one of the key aspects of the project and an obligatory part of city infrastructure. Regional authorities, first of all, the governor general, were in charge of its implementation. They relied upon local self-government bodies, merchant`s corporation as well as the aid of the state. Moscow — big and densely populated city represented a major challenge for its implementation. Here the introducing of an education system met with constant slowdown which caused discontent of the empress Catherine II who demanded explanation of the events. Thanks to the correspondence preserved in archive we can trace the process of establishing education system in the city at early stages of reform. Conducted inspection showed general conditions of education authorities including private educational institutions which provided a real competition to “state” schools. Reports contain detailed information on training programs, about the state of infrastructure and search of sources for financing of educational reform. The lack of sufficient amount of buildings was one of the main problems preventing spreading of schools. And, what is more, buildings suitable for pupils` accommodation. Materials of correspondence give us an idea about methods by which the authorities solved problems of schools establishment, financing sources, as well as about number of pupils in the city of Moscow and availability of schools in the cities of the Moscow province.

Keywords

education, national education, Russian city, Catherine II, schools, boards, gymnasiums, reform of the city, city culture.

References

1 Zyablovsky E. F. Statisticheskoe opisanie Rossiiskoi imperii v nyneshnem ee sostoianii, s predvaritel'nymi poniatiiami o statistike i Evrope voobshche v statisticheskom vide, sochinennoe ekstraordinarnym professorom Evdokimom Ziablovskii [The statistical description of the Russian Empire in its present state, with preliminary concepts about statistics and Europe in general in a statistical perspective, composed by extraordinary professor Evdokim Zyablovsky]. St. Petersburg, Tipografiia Imperatorskoi Akademii nauk Publ., 1808. Part 1–3. Book 1, pp. 120–121. (In Russian)

2 Malinovsky A. F. Obozrenie Moskvy [Moscow Review]. Moscow, Moskovskii rabochii Publ., 1992. 296 р. (In Russian)

3 Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossiiskoi imperii [Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire]. St. Petersburg, Tipografiia II otdeleniia Sobstvennoi ego imperatorskogo velichestva kantseliarii Publ., 1830, Sobranie pervoe (PSZ-I) [The first assembly (PSZ-I) ], vol. XXII, no 16275, pp. 464–465. (In Russian)

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